SAQ PA, PARSY MA?

Reseıdiń halyqaralyq Joǵary mektep ǵylym aka­de­mııa­synyń akademıgi, fılologııa ǵy­lym­da­ry­nyń doktory, professor, Qa­zaq­stan­nyń eńbek sińirgen qaı­rat­keri, lıngvıst ǵalym Ádil Ahmetov 1990-1992 jyldary AQSh-ta ýákildik qyzmette júrip, Amerıka “úndisteriniń” tarıhy men talaıyna baılanysty tereń ǵylymı-zertteý jumystaryn júrgizýdiń nátıjesinde birqatar maqalalar toptamasy men qazaq jáne orys tilderinde “Azııa-Be­rıngııa-Amerıka” jáne “Ame­rı­kalyq úndisterdiń altaılyqtegi” atty ǵylymı-kópshilik mono­grafııalardy jaryqqa shyǵardy. Ǵalym 1999-2000 jyldary Qazaqstannyń Ulybrıtanııadaǵy elshisi bola júrip, Londondaǵy “Brıtanııa kitaphanasynan” anglo-saksondardyń tegine qatysty ma­terıaldar izdestirgen. Solardyń biri – oqyrman nazaryna usynylyp otyrǵan aǵylshyn ǵalymy Sharon Týrnerdiń 1827 jyly jarııalanǵan “Saq pa, parsy ma?” degen ǵylymı maqalasy.Maqala men onyń sońyna tirkelgen parsysha-anglo-saksonsha sózdikti qazaq tiline tikeleı aýdarǵan Ádil Ahmetov.Sózdikke úńile qaraǵan oqyrman odan túrki tilderine de ortaq uǵymdardy tabatyny kúmán týǵyzbaıdy. ShARON TÝRNER (SHARON TURNER – 1768-1847) Dál qazir Koroldik ádebıet qoǵamynyń nazaryna birden iligip, ózekti áńgimege arqaý bola qoımasa da, anglo-saksondyq baba­la­ry­myzdyń azııalyq tegi jóninde olardyń baıyrǵy tilderindegi tamyrlastyq qarym-qatynastardy zertteý nátıjesinde qol jetkizgen keıbir tujyrymdar men paıymdaýlarymdy oqýshyǵa usynsam, múlde eleýsiz qalmas degen oıdamyn. Anglo-saksondardyń tarıhynda olardyń arǵy tegi saqtardan (Sakai nemese Sasae) taraǵan degen tujyrym qalyptasqan. Kezinde saqtar Kaspıı boıynan shyǵysqa qaraı jyljyp, Baktrııaǵa ǵana emes, sonymen qatar batysta jatqan Armenııa jeriniń óte shuraıly bóligine de qonystanǵan. Ol zamanda, Strabonnyń aıtý­yn­sha, álgi aımaq Sakasına (Sakasina) dep atalypty. Plınıı álgi aımaqqa qonystanǵan saqtardy Sa­kassanı (Sakassani) dep ataǵan. Bul ataý dybystalýy (aıtylýy) jaǵynan Saka-sýný (Saka-sunu), ıaǵnı saqtyń uldary (urpaǵy) degen ataýǵa uqsaıdy. Bizdiń oıymyzsha, bul bir uǵymnyń eki túrli ataýy. Bul etımologııany alǵash usynǵan Goropıýs Bekanýs (Goropius Becanus) bolatyn. Ataqty Melanchton (Melanchthon) da bul pikirdi quptaǵan. Ádette mundaı máselelerge árkim-aq kúdikpen qarap, talqyǵa salady. Al bizdiń Kamden (Camden) bolsa, álgi etımologııany tolyǵymen qoldaǵan bolatyn. Meniń ózim de bizdiń arǵy tegimiz jónindegi joǵaryda aıtylǵan pikirdi eń oıǵa qonymdy dúnıe dep oılaımyn. Sebebi ekinshi ǵasyrda Strabon men Plınııden soń Ptolemeı de saqtardan bastaý alatyn skıfterdiń saksondar (saxones) bolyp atalǵanyn atap ótken. Demek, bul aıtylǵan pikirdiń durystyǵyn jáne atalmysh saksondardyń arǵy teginiń de saka-sýnýdan nemese saqtardyń urpaqtarynan taraıtyndyǵyn dáleldeı túsedi. Rımdikter kez kelgen sózdegi “k” degen áriptiń ornyna “s” degen tańbany paıdalanǵan, mine, sondyqtan da bizder olardy “sasae” dep júrmiz. Biraq bul tek roman tilindegi “s” árpiniń qate dybystalýy (oqylýy). Máselen, grek tildi jazýshylardyń ózderi de Sıse­ron­nyń (Sisero) atyn “Kikeroo” túrinde tań­ba­laǵan. Demek, joǵaryda keltirilgen tu­jy­rym­dar anglo-saksondyq babalarymyzdyń túpki tekteri Eýropaǵa Azııadan kelgen jáne oǵan deıin olar Armenııa men Kaspıı mańyn mekendegen degen pikirge jeteleıdi. Joǵary mártebeli Keppel myrza óziniń keıingi kezde jasaǵan qyzǵylyqty saparlary kezinde álgi jerlerde bolyp qaıtqanyn baıan­daı kelip, myna bir jáıtke toqtalady. “Araks (Arras) nemese Plýtarh jazyp ketken Araksıs (Araxas) ózeninen ótken soń, osy ózen men Kýra (ejelgi Sýrus nemese Sýrnus) ózeniniń or­tasynda Karabah (Karabaugh) degen ádemi aımaq jatyr. Bul – ejelgi saqtardyń (Sasae nemese Sasassani) eli, Plınıı men Strabon jazyp ketken skıfterdiń jaýynger taıpasy, ıaǵnı bizdiń baıyrǵy babalarymyz sakson­dar­dyń dál ózi bolýy kerek”, – deıdi. Karabahtan soń Keppel myrza Shırvanǵa (Shirwan), ıaǵnı eski zamandaǵy Albanııa jerine jol tartady. Sonymen, Araks pen Kýranyń (baıyrǵy Arrahes pen Sýrnus) arasynda jatqan shuraıly Karabahty ózimizdiń anglo-sakson babalarymyzdyń Azııadaǵy mekenderiniń biri bolǵan dep topshylaýǵa bolatyn sııaqty. Al Kýra ózeni osy aımaqtaǵy orystar ıemdengen ólkeniń shetki shebi bol­ǵan.Orystar men parsylardyń arasynda bolǵan sońǵy soǵys, negizinen, osy óńirdegi saqtar (Sasae nemese Sasassani) mekendegen jerlerdiń mańynan, Kýra ózeniniń ońtústiginen bastalǵan sııaqty. Al eger orystar ıelik etken aımaqtyń shebi keńeıip ketken bolsa, bizdiń saq babalarymyz da solardyń qolastyna ótip ketýi ábden múmkin edi. Osy ýaqıǵalar meniń oıymdy álemniń osy shetine jetelep, bizden buryn ótken zert­teýshilerdiń parsy tilindegi keıbir sózderdiń sakson ti­lindegi sózderge uqsaıtynyn baıqaǵandaryn esime qaıta túsirdi: máselen, Kamden (Camden): “Keremet ǵalym Djozef Skalıger (Joseph Scaliger) bizge fader (áke), muder (sheshe), brader (baýyr), tuchter (qyz), band (beldik) t.s.s. sózder parsy tilinde kúni búginge deıin qoldanylady jáne olar bizdiń tilimizdegi father (áke), mother (sheshe), brother (baýyr), daughter (qyz), band (beldik) sııaqty sózderden maǵynasy jaǵynan aınymaıdy degendi aıtty”,– degen eken (Samden’s Vrit. Introd. SHHHIII.). Osyndaı jaqyndyqtyń bar ekenin túsingendikten maǵan: “Eger eki tilden bir-birine uqsas álgindeı bes sóz tabylǵan bolsa, parsy tili men anglo-sakson tilderin tereńirek salystyra zerttep, odan da kóp uqsastyqtardy tabýǵa bolady ǵoı. Sosyn, eger saksondyqtar Azııadan taraǵan degen tujyrym durys bolatyn bolsa, eki tildiń arasyndaǵy basqa uqsastyqtar kóptep tabylyp, olar dáleldengen jaǵdaıda saksondyqtardyń arǵy teginiń Azııadan taraıtyndyǵymen birge, olardyń ata-tekteri Kaspıı teńizi óńirinen German muhıtyna (Sol­tústik teńizi nemese Atlant muhıty bolýy kerek – Á.A.) deıin birte-birte qonys aýdarǵan degen tujyrymdy qýattaýǵa múmkindik týar edi ǵoı” degen oı keldi. Osy taqyryppen baılanysty qalyptasqan osyn­daı kózqaras meni endi bul máseleni jedel zert­tep, eki tildiń arasyndaǵy jaqyndyqtyń ne­gizsiz emes ekenin naqty dáleldeý arqyly oǵan kózdi de, kóńildi de sendirýge ıtermeledi. Biraq eki tildiń arasyndaǵy uqsastyq o basta qanshalyqty deńgeıde bolǵanyna qaramastan, qazir olardyń bárin dáleldeý múmkin bola qoımasy ózinen-ózi túsinikti. Sebebi saksondyqtar joǵaryda atalǵan baıyrǵy qonystarynan aýyp ketkeli qazir eń kem degende 2000 jyldaı ýaqyt ótti. Onyń ústine olar Azııanyń soltústigimen batysqa qaraı jyljı otyryp, búkil Eýropanyń soltústigin basyp ótý kezinde sanqıly qıyndyqtar men qasiretterdi bastan keshirdi. “Basqa tússe baspaqshyl”degendeı, Elba ózeniniń teńizge quıar saǵasyna jetkenshe, olar sanqıly taǵdyrdyń ashysy men tushysyn tatqany shyndyq. Sosyn, bertinde tarıh sah­na­synan oryn alǵan soǵys órti olardy úsh ǵasyr boıy Rım ımperııasyna qoljaýlyq etti. Tipti odan so­ńyra da Brıtanııada olardy 400 jylǵa so­zylatyn jáne bir bodandyq kútip turǵan bolatyn. Bul joǵaryda sóz bolǵan, bizge jetken tilderdiń uqsastyǵy týraly derekter jazylǵan zamannan kóp buryn oryn alǵan. Osylardyń bárin eskersek, Alfredtiń zamanynda anglo-saksondar múlde bólek tilde sóılegeni ábden yqtımal ári ol kezdegi tilderdiń sózdik qorynyń kópshiligi de olardyń Karabah sekildi ǵajaıyp jerde, Araks, Kýra ózenderiniń boıynda, Kaspıı tóńireginde ómir súrgen baıyrǵy ata-babalary qoldanǵan, biraq áli jetile qoımaǵan qarapaıym sózdik qordan múlde alshaqtap ketkeni kúmán týǵyzbaıdy. Olaı bolsa, sonshama zamandy artqa tastaǵan baıyrǵy parsy tili Kır (Sýrus) men Darıı (Darius) patshalary bılik qurǵan zamandaǵy parsy tili bolýdan áldeqashan-aq qalyp qoıǵan. Sóıtip, sońǵy myń jyl ishinde bul til Shyǵys áleminiń asa jetilgen ári ǵulamalarynyń shyǵar­ma­shy­ly­ǵyna negiz bolǵan eń ıkemdi de kórkem tilge aınalady. Sondyqtan da osy zamandaǵy parsy tili kezinde parsylarǵa soǵys ashyp, olardy ońaı tize búktirip, jeńil jeńiske qol jetkizem dep júrip ajalynan buryn jan tapsyrǵan órkókirek Iýlıı Sezar zamanyndaǵy parsy tiline múlde uqsamaıdy. Bul aıyrmashylyq qazirgi aǵylshyn tili men anglo-sakson zamanyndaǵy sóılengen tildiń arasyndaǵy aıyrmashylyqpen para-par. Qazirgi parsy tili bolsyn, sakson tili bolsyn baıyrǵy zamanda saqtar men parsylardy bir-birinen bólip turǵan ózender men taýlarda bolǵan shaıqastar kezindegi tilderden múlde ózgeshe. Sondyqtan kezinde bir-birine jaqyn bolǵan ýels, breton, ırland jáne gaal tilderinen de bul kúnde kózge uryp turǵan uqsastyq tabý múmkindigi joqtyń qasy deýge bolady. Uqsastyqtyń mardymsyz bolatyn sebebi saksondyqtar parsylardyń tikeleı urpaǵy emes. Muny dáleldegen eshkim joq. Saqtar parsylarmen tamyrlas, biraq olar parsylardan tikeleı taramaǵan. Onyń ústine olardyń bir-birine degen týystyq sezimderinen góri jaýlyǵy basymdaý bolǵan. Birte-birte bul jaýlyq úlken soǵysqa ulasyp, týystas taıpalar bir-birinen múlde qol úzip ketken bolatyn. Tipti parsylar kezinde saqtardy kútpegen jerden bas salyp, olardy múlde qyryp tastaýǵa az-aq qalǵan bolatyn. Bul qasiret tipti ataqty tarıhshymyz Sherıngamdy (Sheringham) babalarymyzdyń joǵaryda atalǵan teginen bas tartýǵa da ıtermelegeni ras. Solaıy solaı bolǵanmen, ol zamanda aıaq astynan jasalǵan kez kelgen oqys shabýyl qarsylastardy óte qatty alańdatqany bolmasa, olardy túgeldeı joıyp jiberýi múmkin emes edi. Biraq osyndaı dúleı ýaqıǵadan soń saqtardyń álgi apattan aman qalǵandaryn ózderiniń sol óńirdegi úırenshikti qonystaryn tastap, batysty betke alyp, qaýipsizdeý aımaqqa aýa kóshýge májbúr etkeni aıdan anyq. Bul jeńilis olardy Armenııany tastap shyǵyp, Eýropaǵa jaqyndaý aımaqtarǵa qonys aýdarýǵa ıtermeleýi ábden yqtımal. Al rımdikter nemese mıtrıdattyqtar (Mithridates) bastaǵan soǵystar, ııa bolmasa basqa qıyndyqtar men qaqtyǵystar olardy Vıslaǵa (Vistula) qaraı jyljýǵa, sóıtip, kele-kele qurlyqtyń eń qıyr batysyndaǵy múıister men araldarǵa bas saýǵalap tyǵylýǵa májbúr etken sekildi. Osyǵan qaraǵanda, baıyrǵy zamanda bir-birine tıip turǵan kórshiles elderdegi týystas taıpa­lar­dyń kópshiligi o basta bir aǵashtyń dińinen taraǵan butaqtar bolýy yqtımal. Sondyqtan parsylar da, saqtar da, olarmen kórshiles taıpalar da úlken Skıf semıasynan taraǵan ıafetter nemese ıafet­terdiń urpaqtary bolýy yqtımal. Jáne solaı bola turǵanmen baıyrǵy parsylar men saqtar sózdik qory men sózdik quramy bir-birinen aınymaıtyn or­taq tilde sóıledi deýge bola qoımas. Degenmen, olardyń keıbiriniń tilderi kezinde ortaq bir tilden taraǵan dıalektiler bolýy ábden múmkin. Sondyqtan olardyń bárine de qatysty ortaq sózderdiń ushyrasýy ǵajap emes. Ondaı sózderdi bizder baıyrǵy franko-teotısk jáne sakson tilderinen kúni búginge deıin kezdestirip júrmiz. Menińshe, mundaı ortaq sózderdiń keıbir juǵyn-jurnaqtary anglo-sakson men parsy tilderinde, eki ulttyń basynan ótken kúlli ózgeristerge qaramastan, búgingi kúnge deıin saqtalyp jetýi múmkin. Biraq álgi ózgeristerdiń saldarynan olar qazir baıyrǵy tilderdiń ár jerde ushyrasatyn, shashyrap qalǵan sarqynshaqtary retinde ǵana tanylýy múmkin. Osy tujyrymdy basshylyqqa ala otyryp, eger eki ulttyń ata-tekteri erterekte bir-birimen japsarlas aımaqta ómir súrse, meıli odan beri 2000 jyl ýaqyt ótse de, olardyń kórshiles bolǵanyn tanytatyn keıbir belgiler álgilerdiń tilderindegi uqsastyqtan kórinýge tıisti ǵoı. Mundaı uqsastyqty tek jurnaq qaldyqtardan tabarmyn degen úmitpen men anglo-sakson tilderin qazirgi parsy tilimen salystyra zerttedim. Jalpylama salystyrý nátıjesinde 162 parsy sóziniń maǵyna jaǵynan týra sondaı anglo-sakson sózderimen tamyrlas ekenine kózim jetti. Mine, osy nátıjelerdi endi joǵaryda atalǵan Ádebıet qoǵamynyń nazaryna usynýdy jón kórip otyrmyn. Biraq álgi sózderdiń tizimin usynbas buryn taǵy bir nárseniń basyn ashyp aıtýdy paryz sanadym. Sózderdiń uqsastyǵyna ábden kóz jetkizgen soń, bul elde kezinde parsy tilinen de eskirek taǵy eki tildiń basym bolǵanyn eskergen jón. Olar – pehlevı (Rehlvi) jáne zend (zend) tilderi. Bulardyń sońǵysy – naqty jazba úlgilerdi zertteý nátıjesi kórsetkendeı, eń baıyrǵy til de, ekinshisi, ıaǵnı pehlevı – hronologııalyq turǵydan qaraǵanda, zend pen parsy tiliniń aralyǵyndaǵy til. M.Anquetil osy elde dál osy ýaqytqa deıin kúnge tabynatyndardyń kıeli kitaby bolyp sanalatyn Zendavestany (Zendavesta) zerttep tárjimeleý barysynda birneshe eski qol­jazbalarmen jumys istep, solardyń arasynan zend tili men pehlevı tilderiniń naqty úlgilerin ashqan bolatyn. Osy jańalyqty nazarda ustaı otyryp, men ózim de álgi jazý úlgilerimen tanysyp, olardyń ishinen zend tiline jatatyn 57 sóz taptym. Álgi sózder anglo-sakson tilde-rindegi dál sondaı 57 sózge uqsas. Al 43 sóz jańaǵy sekildi bizdiń eski tilimizdegi sózdermen uqsas pehlevı tiliniń sózderi bolyp shyqty. Bul 62 parsy, 57 zend jáne 43 pehlevı sózderi kezinde Persııada basym bolǵan úsh tildiń 262 sózin quraıdy jáne olardyń túgeldeı anglo-sakson tilderindegi dál sondaı sózdermen uqsas ekendigi bizderdiń túpki ata-baba­la­rymyzdyń baıyrǵy Azııanyń osy aýmaǵynan shyqqandyǵyn dáleldeıdi. Munshama sózdiń dál osyndaı uqsas bolýy kezdeısoqtyq deýge eshqandaı negiz joq. Ári muny dáleldeýdiń eshbir qıyndyǵy da joq. Biraq buryn jarııalaǵan eńbekterimde búkil adamzat tiliniń tegi – bir-aq til, al úlkendi-kishili álemge taraǵan basqa tilder sol jalǵyz tilden bastaý alady degen pikir usynǵan edim. Endi osyǵan baılanysty mynadaı suraq týyndaıdy: jańaǵy 262 uqsastyq álgi túpki tildiń qaldyqtary ma, joq álde, olar ydyraýdan keıin paıda bolǵan eki jańa tildiń týystyǵynyń belgileri me? Men mysalǵa keltirgen uqsas sózder sıpaty jaǵynan da, sany jaǵynan da ózimniń kó­ke­ıimnen shyqty. Olar álgi suraqtardyń al­dyń­ǵysynan góri sońǵysynyń jaýaby deýge laıyq. Sondyqtan men olardyń tizimin arǵy tegimizdiń saqtardan taraıtynyn, onyń ishinde par­sylarmen tamyrlastyqtan bastalyp, zendlerge, sodan soń pehlevılerge ulasqan­dy­ǵy­nyń bultartpas dáleli retinde keltir­mek­shimin. am, I am (men) aelan, to burn (janý) alaw, a flame of fire (alaý) afora, a son (ul) afa, the eldest son ( úlken ul) andega, an appointed term (merzim) andan, term (merzim) abidan, to abide (kútý, shydaý) abadan, an abode ( úı, turaq, abad) are, honour (qurmet) aray, decoration (kórkemdeý) arian, to honour (qurmetteý) arayidan, to adorn ( sándeý) ase, as (sııaqty) asay, like (sııaqty) andget, the intellect, sense (papasat, aqyl) angar, reason (aqyl, parasat, ańǵarý) andgashtan, to think (oılaý, ańǵarý) enge, trouble ( áýre) anjam, grief (muń) andjugh, a sigh (kúrsiný) angel, a hook (qarmaq) angulah, a button (túıme) ewe, water (cy) aw, water (cy) earmth, misery (beıshara) urman, trouble (zapa, kedeılik) ende, the end (sońy, sheti) anjam, the end (sońy, sheti) berend, fruitful (jemisti) bar, fruit (jemis) beeran, to carry (tasý) bar, a load (júk) brother, a brother (baýyr) bradar, a brother (baýyr) barn, a barn (qora) barn, a covered place (qora) bearn, a son (ul) barna, a youth (jas bala) bedan, to offer (usyný) bedroz, a present (syılyq) balew, depraved (buzylǵan, betimen ketken) bulad, a malefactor (qylmysker) beal, destruction (buzý) bulaghan, a calamity (qasiret) bilewite, simple (qarapaıym) biladah, foolish (aqymaq) beado, cruelty (qatygezdik) bada, wickedness (qatygezdik) barbacan, a front tower (aldyńǵy munara) burbik, a portico (kolonada) bur, a chamber (kamera, bólme) barkh, an open room (ashyq) blessian, to bless (bata berý) balistan, to bless (bata berý) blad, fruit, the blade (jemis, ustapa) balidan, balandan, to grow (ócy) basing, a pallium, a chlamys (man­tııa) basuian, to be clothed in purple (kúlgin tústi kıim kııý) baz, a habit, rich dress (daǵdy, qymbat kıim) bered, vexed (ashýly) barat, disgusted tired (tıtyqtap sharshaý) beard, a beard (saqal) barbar, a barber (shashtaraz) breost, the breast (keýde) bistan, the breast (keýde) bysmor, infamy (uıat) bazat, a crime. (qylmys) basaj, depravity (betimen ketýshilik) bysgu, business (bıznes) bishing, business (bıznes) bile, the beak, the bill (tumsyq) bull, the beak (tumsyq) bio, I exist (men tirshiliktemin) bud, existence (tirshilik etý) benn, a wound (jaraqat) bunawar, a sore (aýrý) bil, a mattock (soqa) blowan, to flower (gúldeý) bilak, a flower (gúl) bidan, to expect, to await (kútý) bidar, watching. (baqylaý) bidari, vigilance (saqtyq) byld, firmness (beriktik) bilah, firm (berik) bend, a bond (túıin) band, a band, a chain (beldeý, shynjyr) bendan, to bind (baılaý) bandan, bandidan, to bind (baılaý) bold, a town (qala) balad, a city (qala) bolt, a house (úı) bulud, a dwelling (turaq) byan, to inhabit (turý) binland, cultivated land (óńdelgen jer) bingha, a dwelling (turaq) beam, the sunbeam (kún cáyleci) beamian, to beam (sáýle shashý) bam, the morning (erteńgisin) sifer, pure, chaste (buzylmaǵan, taza) saf, pure (taza, saf) safa, purity (tazalyq) samod, together, in like manner (bipge) saehim, a partner, even (ápiptec, jazyq) mirran, to hinder (kedergi bolý, kepi tartý) maraw, go not (barma) marang, a bar (bar, ishimdik pen tiske basar satatyn oryn) man, wickedness (ońbaǵandyq) mang, cheating, a thief (ury) mona, the moon (aı) mang, the moon (aı) mxden, a maiden (qyzmetshi áıel) madah, a female (áıel) moder, mother (sheshe,ana) madar, mother (sheshe,ana) maga, the night-mare (qubyjyq) mar, sick (naýqas, aýrý) ima, pay, reward, tribute (tólem, mal, ececin qaıtarý) malwar, rich (baı, maldy) maldar, a rich man (baı adam) mani, many (kóp) mali, many (kóp) morth, death (ólim, mert bolý) murda, dead (ólgen, mert bolǵan) morther, murder (ólim) murdan, to die (ólý, mert bolý) mearc, a limit (shek) marz, a limit (shek) mus, a mouse (tyshqan) murz, a mouse (tyshqan) must, new wine (jas sharap) mustar, new wine (jas sharap) na, not (joq, emes) nah, not (joq, emes) naegl, a nail (shege, tyrnaq) nakhun, a nail (shege) nafel, the navel (kindik) nal; the navel (kindik) nama, a name (ecim, nam) nam, a name (ecim, nam) iiameutha, illustrious (belgili) nami, illustrious (belgili) necca, the neck (moıyn) nojat, the collar (jaǵa) neow, new (jańa) no, new (jańa) nu, now (qazip) nun, now (qazip) nigan, nine (toǵyz) nuh, nine (toǵyz) hol, health (densaýlyq) hal, quiet, firmness (bepiktik) hare, hoary (jasy kelgen, samaıy aǵarǵan) harid, venerable (jasy kelgen) isa, ice (muz) hasir, ice (muz) earn, I am (men, menmin) hayam, I am (men, menmin) iuc, a yoke (buǵay) yugh, a yoke (buǵay) rad, a road (jol) rah, a road (jol) reste, quiet (tynysh) rast, secure (qaýipsiz) duru, a door (esik) dar, a door (ecik) deni, slaughter (soıý) dam, a groan, black blood (qara qan) dim, obscure (qapańǵylaý) damah, a cloud (bult) gabban, to deride (kelemejdeý) ghab, a foolish bitter expression (tyrjııý) gaf, loquacious (myljyń) guftan, speech, to relate (sóıleý) cu, a cow (sıyr) go, a cow (sıyr) gers, grass (shep) gryah, grass (shóp) gifr, greedy (pes) guri, avarice (pes) faeen, fraud (aldaý) faj, a lie (ótipik) sum, some (bipaz) suman, a little (kishkentaı) reel, prosperity (gúldený, damý) salaf, luxurious (qymbat, baı) steorra, a star (juldyz) sitarah, a star (juldyz) losewest, deception (aldaý) losidan, to deceive (aldaý) leogan, to tell a lie (ótipik aıtý) lay, lying (ótirik aıtý) hlogun, they laughed (olar kúldi) lagh, a jest, lot, praise (maqtaý) laf, praise (maqtaý) lufa, love (mahabbat) laheb, love (mahabbat) lam, lame (aqsaq) lam, crooked (qyńyr) lang, lame (aqsaq) lippa, the lip (epin) law, the lip (epin) laf, the remainder (qaldyq) lab, remaining (qaldyq) less, the less (kem, az) lash, small (kishkentaı) lar, learning (úırený) lur, ability (qabilet) lust, delight (lázzat aly) lustan, to sport (qaljyńdaý) lust, luxuriousness (baılyqqa malyný) lashan, nice, soft (ádemi, jumsaq) blyd, tumult (ý-shý) hlydan, to rage, to make a noise (shýlaý) lud, furious altercation (sóz qaqtyǵystyrý) list, knowledge (bilim) listum, skilfully (iskerlikpen) lazir, clever (aqyldy) thu, thou (sen) to, thou (sen) thinan, to decline, to become thin (aryqtaý) tanik, thin (juqa) tinterg, torment (qınaý, qınalý) tang, tight (tar) tintregan, to torture (qorlaý) tangi, anguish (qorlyq) tawian, to cultivate (óńdeý) tan, an inhabitant (turǵyn) teman, to teem, to bring forth abundantly (qaptaý, quıylý) toma, twins (egizder) wen, hope (úmit) awanidan, to hope (úmittený) wenan, to expect (kútý) awanidan, to expect (kútý) ysel, a spark (jarqyl) azar, fire (ot) raene, pride, glorying (namys, lázzat alý) awrang, power, glory (bılik, lázzat) ae, a law (zań) aym, a law (zań) paeca, a deceiver (aldamshy) pak, vile (jeksuryn) paecan, to deceive (aldaý) pakh, ingratitude (jaqsylyqty bilmeıtin) paeth, a path, a footway (jalǵyzaıaq jol) pay, pa, a footstep (adym) pal, a stake (qazyq.) palar, a beam of wood (bip top aǵash, orman) paell, colour (tús, boıaý) paludan, to besmear (múńsý) pyndan, to shut up, impound (qamap qoıý) pynding, a fettering (shynjyr, qurcay) paywand, a chain, a shackle (shyn­jyr, tusaý) to, to (qaraı) ta, to (qaraı) taer, a tear (kózdiń jasy) tar, moist (shyq, dym) tarb, torture (qorlyq) taeran, to tear (jyrtý) tarakidan, to split (jarý, otyn jarý) telan, to tell (aıtý) talagh, a voice (daýys) teiss, affliction (baqytsyzdyq, aýrý) tasah, grief (qaıǵy) teisse, a stripe (jolaq) tazyanah, a scourge (qamshy) tir, a lord, tir, a chief (bastyq) tir, glory (lázzat) tur, a hero, bright (batyr, aqyldy) siofotha, bran (kebek) sapos, bran (kebek) seel, time (ýaqyt) sal, a year (jyl) seepah, age (jas) suli, a plough (soqa) sac, discord, quarrel (upcy) sakht, violent, stubborn (aıtqanynan qaıtpaıtyn) sur, surig, sour (ashy) sirka, sirkah, vinegar (cipke sýy) salh, a willow (jastyq) salah, a wicker-basket (toqylǵan sebet) sorg, sorrow, sog, grief (qaıǵy, sor,muń) sugwar, sorrowful (qaıǵyly) sol, solen, a shoe, a sandal (aıaqkıim, sandal) salu, a coarse shoe (keleńsiz aıaqkıim) supwah, a shoe (aıaqkıim) sole, the sole (taban) sul , the sole (taban) thunar, thunder (kúnniń kúrkireýi) tundar, thunder (kúnniń kúrkireýi) thunrian, to thunder (kúrkireý) tundidan, to thunder (kúrkireý) tan, a bud (búrshik) tundar, the bud of a leaf (búrshik) Aıta ketetin bip jaı “sc” tańbalary kezdesetin anglo-saksondyq sózderdiń barlyǵy nemese túgelge jýyǵy bizdiń qazipgi aǵylshyn tilimizde qoldanylady. Bipaq olardyń barlyǵyn bizder “sh” tańbalarymen almastyryp oqyp-jazyp júrmiz. Máselen, anglo-saksondardyń sceap, scyp, sco, scine jáne sceam degen sózderi bizdiń tilimizde sheep, ship, shoe, shine nemese shame bolyp oqylyp-jazylady. Bipaq “sh” álgi sózderdiń o bastaǵy dybystalýymen baılanysty bizdiń baıyrǵy babalarymyz shartty týrde “s” áppimen shatastyrmas úshin “sc” túrinde “sh” degen dybystyń ornyna paıdalanǵan orfografııalyq tańbasy ma nemese kez kelgen tildegi sııaqty ártúrli sebeptermen bipte-birte ózgeriske ushyrap, sol sebepti basqasha jazylýy ma, bul jaǵyn kecip aıtý qıyn. Biraq, parsy tilinde de “sc” tańba­la­rynyń ornyna “sh” tańbalary qol­danylatyn sózder kezdesedi. Mysaly: sea, excellent (óte jaqsy) shadbash, excellent (óte jaqsy) seama, shame, bashfulnes (uıat) sharm, shame, bashfulness (uıat) shama, naked (jalańash) sceaming, confusion (shatasý, casyp qalý) shamidan, to be confounded (oılanyp qalý) sceaphan, to shape, to put in order (retke keltirý) shaplidan, to smooth (jatyq) sceaft, a shaft, an arrow (jebe) shaftu, a quiver (selt ete qalý) sceaft, a point (bip nárseniń ushy) shafar, the edge (shet) sceawian, to see (kórý) shuwaz, the eye (kóz) Bul eki tildiń arasyndaǵy men baıqaǵan basqa uqsastyqtar mynalar: faegan, glad (qýanysh, qýaný) farghan, gladness (qýanysh) faeran, to go (barý, júrý) feridan, to walk (jaıaý júrý) faroth, a journey (saıahat) faraz, progress (alǵa basý) fyr, fire (alaý, ot) faroz, inflaming (bórtý) ferhth, the mind (oı, sana) farzah, wisdom, knowledge (aqyl, bilim) ferht, fear, fright (qorqynysh) farasha, dread, trembling (dirildeý) Zend tili men a-sakson tilderiniń jarııalanǵan jazba nusqalarynan men tapqan uqsastyqtar tómendegideı: beran, to bear (kóterý, alyp júrý) bereete, to bear (kóterý, alyp júrý) ba, both (ekeýi de) betim, the second (ekinshi) the, thee (sen) te, thee (sen) eahta, eight (segiz) aschte, eight (cegiz) dochter, daughter (qyz) dogde, daughter (qyz) dohte, he did (istegen ol) daschte, he did (istegen ol) steorran, stars (juldyzdar) staranm, stars (juldyzdar) trend, a friend (joldas) frem, a friend (joldas) feder, a father (áke) feder, a father (áke) mid, with [-men (jalǵaýlyq)] mad, with [-men (jalǵaýlyq)] meder, mother (ana, sheshe) mediehe, mother (ana) medo, mead (bal) medo, wine (sharap) me, me (men) man, me (men) metan, to measure (ólsheý, pishy) meete, measure (ólsheý) med, a recompense (ornyn toltyrý, qaıtarý) mejdem, a recompense (ornyn toltyrý, qaıtarý) maest, chief (bastyq) meze, meso, great (úlken, uly) micle, much (kóp) mesche, much (kóp) mecg, a man (er adam) meschio, a man (er adam) mal more (kóbirek) mae, great (úlken) na, not (joq, emes) noued, not (joq, emes) nafel, the navel (kindik) nafo, the navel (kindik) we, an oak (emen aǵashy) hekhte, an acorn (emenniń jańǵaǵy) hera, a lord, (taqsyr, laýazymy bıik adam) heretoge, a chief (bastyq) herete, a chief (bastyq) paeth, a path (súrleý, jol) petho, a way (jol) purl pure (taza) peratche, pure (taza) uppa, above, (joǵary, ústinde) upper, above (ústinde) opero, above (ústinde) threo, three (úsh) thre, three (úsh) thrydde, the third (úshinshi) thretim, the third (úshinshi) thu, thou (sen) thvanin, thou (sen) bane, a floor, a board (eden, taqtaı) baenthro, a floor, a board (eden, taqtaı) rot, splendid, (tamasha, kórkem) rof, illustrious (kórnekti, belgili) erode, illustrious (kórnekti, belgili) astandan, to subsist (tirshilik etý) asteouao, existence (tirshilik) beoth, they are (olar) beouad, he is (ol) beo, be it (bolý) boiad, be it (bolý) theof, a thief (ury) teio, a great thief (baýkespe ury) dreori, dreary (bulyńǵyr) drezre, a desert (shól dala) daeth, death (ólim) dajed, he is no more (ol ólgen) rewa, order (ret, tártip) reso, he puts in order (ol retteıdi) reswian, to reason (aqylǵa keltirý) razann, intelligent (parasatty) froe, a lord (laýazymy joǵary adam, lord) frethem, greatness (ulylyq) guast, the spirit (jan) gueie, the soul (jan) mxnde, he mentioned (ol dedi, aıtty) manthre, words (sózder) midda, middle (ortasy) meiao, middle (ortasy) morth, death (ólim, ajal) mrete, mortal (ajaldy) merran, to mar (búldirý) merekhsch, to destroy (joıý) gear, year (jyl) yare, year (jyl) earmth, poverty (kedeılik) armete, humility (moıynsuný) starian, to look at (qaraý, kóz tastaý) astriete, he sees (ol kóredi, qaraıdy) ba, both (ekeýi de) bee, two (eki) singan, to say (sóıleý, deý) senghan, a word (qylysh) scir, sheer, pure (taza) srere, pure (taza) snid, a cut (kesindi) snees, he strikes (ol urady) seon, to see (kórý) sodern, to see (kórý) gnad, he bruised (ol kógertip qoıdy) ghnad, he strikes (ol urady) athe, easy (jeńil) achiato, easy (jeńil) scina, shina, brilliant (jarqyraý, gayhap tas) scheeto, brilliant (gayhap tas) Endi atalmysh Qoǵamnyń nazaryna Anquetil myrzanyń ecki qoljazba­larynyń negizinde qurastyrylyp basylǵan pehlevı tiliniń qysqasha cózdiginen ózim tapqan myna bip uqsas sózderdi usynamyn: bonda, one bound (bip býma) bandeh, a slave (qul) nam-cutha, famous (ataqty) nameh, famous (ataqty) starian, to look at (qaraý) astared, he sees (ol kóredi) halig, holy () halae, pure (taza) eahta, eight (segiz) ascht, eight (segiz) sare, troublesome (mazasyz) sareh, wicked (ońbaǵan) morth, death (ólim) marg, mortal (ajaldy) a-marg, immortal (ólmes) thu, thai (sen) tou, thou (sen) sex, six (alty) sese, six (alty) bysmor, opprobrium (masqara) besche, wicked (ońbaǵan) suht, languor (jaıbaraqattyq) satoun, weak (álsiz) dom, legal judgment (zańdy úkim shyǵapy) din, law (zań) reasan, to attach (tirkeý) resch, a wound (jaraqat) secgan, to say (deý, sóıleý) sokhan, a word (sóz) gaf, loquacious (sózsheń) goft, he said (ol dedi) ofer, over, above (joǵary jaǵynda, ústinde) avvar, above (ústinde) dem, slaughter (soıyp tastaý) damma, blood (qan) med, recompense (ornyn toltyrý) mozd, recompense (ornyn toltyrý)            cneou, knee (tizerleý, tize) djanouh, knee (tize, tizerleý) steorran, stars (juldyzdar) setaran, stars (juldyzdar) setnian, to be in ambush (torǵa túsý) sater, war (coǵyc) sceacan, shakan, to shake, to pluck (shaıqaý, silký) schekest, he breaks (ol syndyrady) athe, easy (jeńil) asaneh, easy (jeńil) cu, cow (sıyr) gao, ox or cow (ógiz nemese sıyr) ma, more (taǵy da, kóbirek) men, great (úlken, uly) bar, bare (jalańash, jalań) barhene, naked (jalańash) morth, death (ólim) mourd, he dies (ol óledi) mourdeh, mortal (ajaldy) meder, mother (ana) amider, mother (ana) nafel, the navel (kindik) naf, the navel (kindik) na, no (joq, emes) na, not (joq, emes) bog, a branch (butaq) barg, a leaf (japyraq) purl, pure (taza) partan, pure (taza) agytan, to understand (túsiný) agah, understanding (túsiný) as, an oak (emen aǵashy) akht, an acorn (emenniń jańǵaǵy) brader, brother (baýyr, ini, aǵa) berour, brother (baýyr, ini, aǵa) bye, a habitation (turaq, úı) bita, a house (úı) secg, a little sword (kishkene qylysh) saex, a knife (pyshaq) sakina, a knife (pyshaq,) clypian, to call out (shaqyrý) cald, called (shaqyrdy) kala, crying out (aıǵaılaý) mare, greater (úlkenirek) mar, great (úlken) necan, to kill (óltiry) naksounan, I kill (óltiremin) band, a joining (qosylý) banda, a band (beldik) raed, a road (jol) raeh, a way (jol) eortha, earth (jer) arta, earth (jer) Persııanyń ózim zerttegen ba­ıyrǵy jáne osy zamanǵy úsh tili­nen tapqandarymdy qoryta kele, maǵan mynadaı oı keledi; álgilerdegi anglo-sakson tilimen baılanysty barlyq uqsastyqtardy tereńirek zertteı tússe, budan da beter jaqyndyqtyń beti ashylar edi. Biraq joǵaryda keltirilgen my-saldardyń ózi de bizdiń baba­la­ry­myzdyń o bastaǵy geografııalyq tegi Kaspıı men Persııa aımaq­ta­rynda jatyr degen pikirdi quptaýǵa jet­ki­lik­ti ǵoı dep oılaımyn. Al qazir bizder baıyrǵy babalarymyz alǵash qonys aýdarǵan zamannan kóptegen ǵasyr alǵa ilgerilep ketti. Son­dyq­tan osy kel­tirgen derekterden kúshtirek aı­ǵaq tabý múmkindigi óte shekteýli dep oı­laımyn.