Qazaqstanda aýyl sharýashylyǵy maqsatynda paıdalanylatyn jerlerdiń jalpy kólemi 91,7 mln. ga, onyń ishinde egistik jerler 22,5 mln. ga quraıdy. Negizgi egistik jerlerdiń 70 paıyzy Soltústik Qazaqstan, Qostanaı, Aqmola, jáne Pavlodar oblystarynda shoǵyrlanǵan.
Aýylsharýashylyq daqyldarynyń jalpy egistik kólemi 2013 jyly 21,4 mln. ga qurady, dándi daqyldar 15,9 mln. ga, onyń ishinde bıdaı 13,0 mln. ga jerge egildi. Aǵymdaǵy jyly ósimdik sharýashylyǵyndaǵy aýyspaly egister qurylymynda óndiris jaǵdaıynda suranys joǵary basym daqyldardyń kólemi ulǵaıatyn boldy. Ásirese, maıly daqyldardyń kólemi 1,9 mln. ga (ótken jylmen salystyrǵanda egis kólemi 43,1 myń ga joǵary), mal azyqtyq daqyldardyń kólemi 3,1 mln.ga deıin (265 myń ga joǵary) ulǵaıdy.
Qazaqstanda aýyl sharýashylyǵy maqsatynda paıdalanylatyn jerlerdiń jalpy kólemi 91,7 mln. ga, onyń ishinde egistik jerler 22,5 mln. ga quraıdy. Negizgi egistik jerlerdiń 70 paıyzy Soltústik Qazaqstan, Qostanaı, Aqmola, jáne Pavlodar oblystarynda shoǵyrlanǵan.
Aýylsharýashylyq daqyldarynyń jalpy egistik kólemi 2013 jyly 21,4 mln. ga qurady, dándi daqyldar 15,9 mln. ga, onyń ishinde bıdaı 13,0 mln. ga jerge egildi. Aǵymdaǵy jyly ósimdik sharýashylyǵyndaǵy aýyspaly egister qurylymynda óndiris jaǵdaıynda suranys joǵary basym daqyldardyń kólemi ulǵaıatyn boldy. Ásirese, maıly daqyldardyń kólemi 1,9 mln. ga (ótken jylmen salystyrǵanda egis kólemi 43,1 myń ga joǵary), mal azyqtyq daqyldardyń kólemi 3,1 mln.ga deıin (265 myń ga joǵary) ulǵaıdy.
Aǵymdaǵy jyly osy maqsattarǵa memleket tarapynan ósimdik sharýashylyǵy salasyn sýbsıdııalaýǵa barlyq baǵyttar boıynsha 31,5 mlrd. teńge bólindi, al onyń ishinde basymdy daqyldar óndirisin sýbsıdııalaýǵa – 18,6 mlrd. teńge, mıneraldy tyńaıtqysh jáne gerbısıd baǵasyn arzandatýǵa – 7,0 mlrd. teńge jáne tuqym sharýashylyǵyn damytýǵa 2,5 mlrd. teńge qarastyrylǵan. Osynshama mol mólsherde bólingen qarjy aýylsharýashylyq kásiporyndaryn jedel damytýǵa, óndiristi qaıta quryp ózgertýge jáne jekemenshik ıesi nysandarynda taýarly ónim óndirýdi arttyrýǵa múmkindikter týdyrady. Aldaǵy jyldarda ósimdik sharýashylyǵy elimizde azyq-túlik qaýipsizdigin qamtamasyz etedi.
Elimizdiń soltústik aımaqtarynda ornalasqan Qostanaı, Aqmola jáne Soltústik Qazaqstan oblystary negizinen dándi daqyldar ósirýmen aınalysady. Olar respýblıkadaǵy astyqtyń 4/5 bóligin óndiredi. Jalpy, óńirde dándi daqyldardan basqa da aýylsharýashylyq daqyldaryn aýyspaly egis tanaptaryna ornalastyrýǵa topyraq-klımat jaǵdaılary birshama qolaıly jáne óndirilgen astyq, maı ónimin eksporttaýǵa múmkindik mol.
Aýyspaly egis zerthanasynyń sońǵy jyldardaǵy júrgizilgen ǵylymı-zertteý jumystarynyń nátıjesi boıynsha aımaqtaǵy egistik qurylymdaryn ártaraptandyrýǵa tómendegi kez kelgen aýylsharýashylyq daqyldaryn ósirý tıimdi bolyp tabylady. Ásirese, aýyspaly egisterdegi egistik qurylymdaryn ártaraptandyrý baǵytynda dándi daqyldar arasynan arpa, suly, taryny, dándi-burshaqty daqyldarynan asburshaq, noqat, jasymaqty, maıly daqyldardan zyǵyr, kúnbaǵys, qysha jáne rapsty, jemazyqtyq daqyldardan asburshaq+suly qospasy, júgeri, kóp jáne bir jyldyq shópterdi kirgizýge bolady.
Aýyspaly egis zerthanasynyń kóp jylǵy ǵylymı-zertteý jumystarynyń derekteri óńirdegi ońtústik qara topyraqta osy aýylsharýashylyq daqyldaryn taza súri jer tanaby ornyna ósirgende ár gektar aýyspaly egistiń kóleminen alynǵan astyqtyń ortasha ónimdiligi tómendegideı boldy. Arpadan – 23,8 s, sulydan – 23,2 s, asburshaqtan – 13,3 s, noqattan – 12,0 s, jasymaqtan – 10,4 s jáne zyǵyrdan 8,7 s ónim alyndy.
Aıta ketetin jaıt, taza súri jer tanabynyń ornyna kez kelgen aýylsharýashylyq daqyldaryn ósirý qolaıly jáne egis egiletin jerler bos jatpaı, tıimdi paıdalanylady. Osy atalǵan daqyldardy óńdelgen jerlerde tıimdi paıdalaný maqsatynda aýyspaly egistegi taza súri jer tanabynyń ornyna ornalastyrǵanda aınaldyrǵan 3-4 aı kóleminde turaqty astyq jáne malazyqtyq ónimder jınalyp alynady. Bul óz kezeginde jalpy aýyspaly egis kóleminen astyq shyǵymyn ulǵaıtýdy qamtamasyz etedi, qosymsha jasyl balaýsa, pishen, súrlem, malazyqtyq ólshem alynyp jáne óte joǵary ekonomıkalyq tıimdilikti quraıdy.
Eń negizgisi, osy aýylsharýashylyq daqyldaryn aýyspaly egis kestesindegi tanaptarǵa engizgende topyraqtyń betki qabaty ósimdi k kaldyqtarymen árdaıym jabyq kúıde bolyp, topyraqty jyldyń kez kelgen mezgilderinde bolatyn ártúrli erozııadan qorǵaıdy jáne ýaqyt óte kele birtindep topyraqtyń qunarlylyǵyn qalpyna keltiredi.
Endi osy daqyldardy óndiris jaǵdaıynda engizý úshin aýyspaly egis júıesiniń egistik alqaptarynda mindetti túrde eginshiliktiń joǵary mádenıeti saqtalýy qajet, aramshóptermen kúresý sharalaryn qúsheıtý kerek jáne taǵy da basqa agronomııalyq sharalardyń oryndalýyn baqylaýda ustaǵan jón.
Qoryta aıtqanda, sońǵy jyldary aýyl sharýashylyǵyna paıdalanylatyn egistik jerlerdiń aımaqtyq erekshelikterine baılanysty qor únemdeıtin tehnologııalardy qoldaný jáne quqyqtyq qarym-qatynas júıesi ózgerýi, baǵa, nesıe, qarjy saıasaty birshama reformalanyp, basqarý mehanızmi jeńildetilip jáne óńirdegi óndiriske suranys joǵary basym daqyldardy ósirý sharalary iske asa bastady, al osy atqarylǵan ister ósimdik sharýashylyǵynda aýyspaly egisterdi ártaraptandyrýda óte kóp múmkindikter beredi.
Aldabergen QIIаS,
A.I.Baraev atyndaǵy Astyq sharýashylyǵy
ǵylymı-óndiristik ortalyǵynyń aýyspaly
egis zerthanasy meńgerýshisi.
ShORTANDY.
