Qaqpannyń paıda bolýy sonaý temir dáýirinen bastalǵany shyndyq. Qaqpannyń astyńǵy dóńgelek sheńberin-tósegi, shabatyn eki jarty sheńberin-qandyaýyz, eki jaǵyndaǵy ıilip keletin serpý kúshine ıe eki asyl temirdi-serper deıdi. Aǵashtan jasalǵan tıekteıtin tıegi bolady. Qaqpandy shynjyr arqyly jerge, aǵash tamyrlaryna bekitedi. Qaqpan men shynjyrdyń qosylǵan jerine aınalsoq ornatylady, qaqpannyń astyna topyraq túsirmeı tosyp turatyn qurym kıizdi japqy dep ataıdy. Qaqpan sózi «qaq-pan» tirkesinen qalyptasyp, birte-birte kirigip qaqpan bolyp atalyp ketken. Qazaq qaqpandary aıý qaqpan, buǵy qaqpan, qasqyr qaqpan, teke qaqpan, elik qaqpan, sýyr, borsyq, sýsar qaqpan, qoıan qaqpan, qarǵa qaqpan sııaqty kóp túrge bólinedi. Aıý, buǵy sııaqtylarǵa qurylatyn qaqpannyń qandyaýyzy ara júzdi qos serperli bolsa, elik, teke, borsyq sııaqtylarǵa qurylatyn qaqpan qos serperli, biraq qandyaýyzy ara júzdi bolmaıdy. Al qarǵa, qoıandarǵa qurylatyn qaqpan bir serperli bolyp keledi. Qyrǵaýyl, elik, qoıan qatarlylardyń aıaǵyn jaralamaı alý úshin keıde qaqpannyń qandyaýyzyna kıiz orap quratyn da jaǵdaı kezdesedi.
Mine, qazaq qaqpanshylyǵy ózindik forma, ózindik ádis-amaldarmen júretin muramyz bolyp tabylady.
Qaqpan qurý shynjyrly qurý jáne jer tıekti qurý dep bólinedi. Uzyn shynjyrmen qaqpandy jerge qazyq arqyly nemese aǵash tamyrlaryna bekitý arqyly qurý shynjyrly qurý dep atalady. Al qaqpannyń astyn 50 – 70 santımetr qazý arqyly qysqa shynjyrmen jer astyna kóldeneń aǵash baılap qurý jer tıek qaqpan dep atalady. Ádette qaqpandy qurǵannan keıin 3 − 5 kúnde bir ret aralap kórip turady.
Aıtpaǵymyz búginde qaqpan jáne qaqpanshylyq óneri umyt bolyp, qaqpan jurt arasynan joǵalýǵa bettep barady. Baızaq aýdandyq tarıhı-ólketaný mýzeıinde Ysqaq Otarulynyń óz qolymen jasaǵan qaqpany bar. XIX ǵasyrǵa jatatyn jádigerdi kórgen jastar erekshe qyzyǵýshylyqpen tamashalaıdy. Osy bir ulttyq óner, baı muramyz – qaqpanshylyqty ómir saltymyzdan óshirmeýge tyrysaıyq.
Aınagúl MAMYTBEKOVA,
Baızaq aýdandyq tarıhı-ólketaný mýzeıiniń ǵylymı qyzmetkeri
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